RESUMEN El trabajo tiene como objetivo revelar la contribución social de médicos camagüeyanos negros a la educación católica, a partir de su relación con los colegios regentados por la Iglesia, en un contexto marcado por desigualdades raciales. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos como la revisión documental y bibliográfica, también fueron aplicadas historias de vida y entrevistas. La investigación se centra en el quehacer asistencial de médicos camagüeyanos, vinculados a las Hermanas Oblatas de la Providencia, en particular a los colegios a cargo (...) de estas monjas negras, que educaban a niñas y niños de ese color de piel. Se pudo esclarecer quiénes fueron los doctores más vinculados a esas instituciones y establecer cuál fue su labor en ellas en las décadas del 40- 50 del siglo XX. Queda valorada su contribución social en la asistencia brindada a ese segmento poblacional y al significado de esta sin la mediación de prejuicios raciales. ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is reveal the social contribution of black Camagüey doctors to the Catholic education from it relation with the schools occupied by the church in a context marked by racials ineguality. It put in practical use theoric methods such as documentary an bibliographical revisión; it also were aplyed life history and entreviews. The research it focus in the assistance job of the Camaguey doctor linked to the Sisters Providence Oblates, especially the schools of these black nuns who give education to black girls and boys. The paper show who were the doctors most linked to these religious institution and to situate their Jobs in these schools in the ´40 and ´50 of the 20 th century. Their social contribution is valved in this type of population and the meaning of this contribution with out racial prejudice. (shrink)

Se describen algunos personajes carrasquillescos y sus formas de pensamiento y expresión de acuerdo con sus diferentes entornos y relación con la palabra. Para hablar de los personajes orales, se hace referencia a ciertos prototipos como el campesino, el negro, el anciano, el niño y el contador de historias. Y en cuanto a los personajes letrados, se destacan algunos, como Magdalena Samudio, José Bermúdez, Beatriz Solsona y Bárbara Caballero, resaltando la figura del cura como el letrado del pueblo, y (...) asociando a Ligia Cruz y a Martín Gala con don Quijote por su relación participante con los libros. (shrink)

Este libro es un homenaje a la trayectoria intelectual y académica de la profesora María Teresa López de la Vieja, Catedrática emérita de la Universidad de Salamanca. En él se trazan algunos de los caminos que, con su obra, nos invita a transitar. El volumen recoge contribuciones de colegas de varias nacionalidades y procedentes de diversos ámbitos de reflexión que le son afines: la filosofía moral y política, la literatura, la teoría de la argumentación, los estudios feministas, las (...) éticas aplicadas, la bioética. Los capítulos que componen este libro dan voz a varias generaciones de investigadoras e investigadores que han acompañado y acompañan su andadura académica y que aquí dialogan con ella haciendo propias sus preocupaciones intelectuales. Con su participación contribuyen al justo reconocimiento de su dedicación a la labor docente e investigadora. (shrink)

«Fortaleza» y «debilidad» son dos adjetivos que se han utilizado prolijamente en la literatura científica sobre institucionalismo para describir la permanencia o, por el contrario, la porosidad y maleabilidad de las reglas y principios rectores en los que están atrincheradas las instituciones que sobreviven en equilibrio y, por tanto, no son alteradas unilateralmente.

Die Studie zeigt, dass Autobiographien weit mehr sind als individuelle Lebensentwürfe. Vor allem Autobiographien von Paaren zeugen von den Schnittstellen gemeinsamen Lebens und Schreibens. Sie bieten sich in herausragender Weise an, die Zweistimmigkeit im Leben und Schreiben von Paaren in den Blick zu nehmen und relationale Dimensionen des Lebens in kreativen Schaffensprozessen als ethisches und ästhetisches Moment wahrzunehmen. Dem komplexen Beziehungsgeflecht von Autobiographien wird hier am Beispiel des bekannten spanischen Schriftstellerpaares María Teresa León und Rafael Alberti nachgespürt. Über (...) die individuellen Prägungen der Autobiographien hinaus wird das Netz, das zwischen beiden Autoren und Texten im autobiographischen Schreiben gesponnen wurde, aufgedeckt und einer Stereophonie der Autobiographie Raum gegeben. (shrink)

Abstract“Patient-centred care” is the recent response to the malaise produced in the field of health care from the point of view both of a technical mentality and the paternalistic model. The interest in the story-telling approach shown by both the humanities and the social sciences has favoured a “narrative turn” in medicine too, where the new ethics of therapeutic relationship consider the hermeneutic method a means by which to integrate evidence and subjectivity, scientific data and patient experience. The aim of (...) this paper is to show how Ricoeur’s theory of “threefold mimesis” makes a conceptual contribution to the use of narrative interviews in nursing and also be successfully transferred into and applied in the field of healthcare in general. First, the paper examines how this narrative approach might open up new possibilities for the acquisition of in-depth knowledge of patients’ life experiences, a condition indispensable for the improvement of the quality of care. Secondly, it highlights how this Ricoeurian method seems capable of provide an opportunity for healthcare professionals to review their own understanding of the caregiver-patient therapeutic relationship, beginning with their confrontation with the patient’s world as revealed by the narrative they provide. (shrink)

Background: This study investigated the factors affecting the acceptability in France of abortions. Method: 80 study participants from Toulouse and 124 from Metz judged the acceptability of abortion in 64 vignettes composed of five factors: 1) the adolescent's age (15 or 17.5 years), 2) the adolescent's plans to continue schooling or not, 3) the fetus' age (1, 2, 3, or 4 months), 4) the adolescent's parents' agreement or not, and 5) the agreement or not of baby's father. Results: Three clusters (...) were noted: 1) abortion is never acceptable (8% of participants), 2) abortion is always acceptable (23%), and 3) acceptability of abortion depends on the circumstances (63%). In the majority cluster (3), all five factors had significant effects, but the fetus's age accounted for most of the variance (78%). Conclusion: Most subjects in this study judged, in accordance with French law, that the acceptability of induced abortion in minors depends on the circumstances and, in particular, on the fetus' age. (shrink)

This book is a multi-faceted attempt to understand the psychological mysteries of land, space, native cultures, changing eras, and geographical dislocation. It shows us that many remote and seemingly peaceful areas of the world have their own dark and silent pasts in which their original inhabitants were often brutally wiped out. Weaving history, geography, myth, philosophy, and psychoanalysis together, this book tries to understand why such atrocities were committed, how those subjected to these 'crimes' might have perceived them, and what (...) are the long-term, trans-generational consequences of these historical events. (shrink)

Los diseños experimentales adoptados en las ciencias empíricas traducen y seleccionan exteriorizaciones fenoménicas, de modo tal que ellas constituyan ciertas formas de percepción y posibilidades de comprobación que proceden del "objeto" mismo. En un nivel meta-teórico, podríamos identificar en tales diseños reduccionismos que facilitan toda suerte de simplificaciones epistémicas y metodológicas a costa, de eliminar cosas que necesitan ser entendidas y que son parte de una imagen completa del fenómeno que estudiamos. Por reduccionismo entendemos el proceso de simplificación y operatividad (...) que exige un diseño experimental. Pues bien, tanto Ortega y Gasset como Paul Karl Feyerabend denuncian las consecuencias y absurdos que se siguen de las diversas modalidades de reduccionismos para la misma ciencia. No es novedad en absoluto reconocer en Ortega y Gasset un auténtico filósofo de la ciencia ni mucho menos encontrar afinidades con los grandes representantes de este campo disciplinar. En este trabajo analizaremos como las lecturas orteguianas de esta problemática, así como su propuesta, corre en líneas paralelas a las denuncias de Feyerabend. (shrink)

O Índex Auctorum Damnatae Memoriae é, tal como todos os índices de livros proibidos posteriores a 1564, herdeiro do índice tridentino. O cotejo estabelecido entre os dois índices ibéricos de 1612 e 1624 e o documento apresentado reforçam a ideia de que o índice de 1624 tem sido erroneamente apelidado de jesuítico. Esta acusação, nascida da campanha pombalina contra a Companhia de Jesus, amplificada no século XIX, aceite no século XX e de que ainda se vive no século XXI, carece (...) de fundamentação objectiva. (shrink)

Nel tradurre Processo e realtà è importante considerare che l'opus magnum di Whitehead ha una natura metafisica, cosmologica e sistematica. Il sitema di Whitehead è aperto; le sue categorie sono interrelate e non vanno considerate separate dall'intero del sistema metafisico. Le generalità metafisiche sono difficili da esprimere e il nostro linguaggio è fortemente limitato. Ciononostante, il traduttore di Processo e realtà deve saper cogliere le parole esatte e rigorose al fine di rendere quella vera e propria "rivoluzione linguistica" introdotta da (...) Whitehead nel suo testo. La traduzione italiana bilingue di Processo e realtà condotta da Maria Regina Brioschi ha in questo senso raggiunto un risultato eccezionale. (shrink)

Este artículo está motivado por el problema de la responsabilidad colectiva frente a las acciones cometidas por nuestros antepasados y por la pregunta acerca de la legitimidad de las demandas de perdón. Acudiendo al universo conceptual heredado de Hannah Arendt, en este texto se aboga por el ejercicio de la capacidad de juicio como detonante tanto de la demanda de perdón como de la responsabilidad colectiva. El perdón se presenta así no solo como una categoría moral sino fundamentalmente política, imprescindible (...) para reconciliarse con lo acontecido y mirar al futuro con esperanza. (shrink)

The theology as enabler of a more human science Paul Karl Feyerabend conceives religion as a possible way to infuse meaning and humanity to the science. He asserts that when it has taken place historically a unity between science and religion, science has been able to transcend values of utility and efficiency. This happens because the religion confers meaning to scientific results within an image of the world that involves the person as a whole. In this context, the Viennese invites (...) to establish a dialogue with the science of ancient Greece in order to know more about more human ways of doing science and to be able to judge in perspective the achievements of scientific materialism. Our objective in this work will be to attend to this invitation of Viennese studying the relation that exists between mathematics and theology in the Ptolemaic writings. We believe that the Alexandrian is an emblematic case of this communion between science and theology and –in this sense– allows us to rethink contemporary science as a cognitive task more attentive to the human and existential implications of its theories and models. (shrink)

The present essay analyzes an eighteenth-century phase of the querelle des monstres and highlights two main points. 1) As the cases of Lémery and Winslow demonstrate, in the period when preformation was the dominant view, the dispute over the origin of monsters carried into the very field of preformation the contrast which had originally opposed it to the now defeated model of epigenesis, namely the alternative between mechanical genesis and pre-existence of the monstrous form itself. 2) One of the most (...) important episodes in the shift of teratology from a primarily theological or metaphysical issue to a purely natural one was due to Albrecht von Haller. Haller shifted the dispute from anatomy to embryology; and it is on an embryological base and not on metaphysics that he built his own demonstration of the original nature of the monster. He was furthermore the only scientist of authority who dealt with teratology from an epigenetic standpoint. His numerous changes of view in the field of embryology did in fact never affect his early adherence to the thesis of original monstrosity. (shrink)

Este artículo parte de la idea de que las emociones y los afectos están en juego en el proceso de discernimiento. Tiene como horizonte explorar la posibilidad de que las emociones permitan gestar espacios democráticos de articulación de lo común. De manera que el objetivo específico del texto es defender un modelo de democracia de los afectos. Para alcanzarlo sostiene que, si pensamos con cuidado una teoría del juicio poniendo atención al papel que juegan los conceptos y, al mismo tiempo, (...) repensamos la emociones como relaciones sociales más que como afecciones internas, es inevitable colocar a los afectos en estrecha vinculación con los conceptos. Siendo así, los juicios políticos que articulan la vida democrática deben entenderse desde su condición de estar atravesados por las pasiones, o, dicho de otro modo, ser juicios apasionados. (shrink)

This article offers a review of the chapter dedicated by Strawson to the concept of a person in Individuals. Characteristics given to the concept of person by Strawson are criticized by Bernard Williams. What I set out to show is that this criticism can be answered by reviewing: a) how Strawson understands that the concept of a person is primitive, b) what are the implications of affirming the primitiveness of such concept, and, mainly c) what this philosopher understands by referring.

La distribución ha sido un tema de reflexión de la economía desde el comienzo de esta disciplina; sin embargo, las tendencias recientes de la filosofía política originadas por la obra de Rawls y su teoría de la justicia presentan una visión alternativa de la justicia distributiva en una sociedad regida por la justicia antes que por la eficiencia. Tal alternativa redunda en una concepción diferente del papel del Estado y, en general, de la política económica.

In his main work, The Science of Legislation , the Neapolitan Gaetano Filangieri proposed a set of extensive political and cultural reforms. These reforms were necessary to free eighteenth-century societies from the remnants of feudal institutions that obstructed international peace and economic growth. Filangieri's ideas were shaped by the international political climate between the seven Years’ War and the eve of the French Revolution. Reinterpreting Montesquieu and Genovesi through the influences of French radical and Enlightenment thought , as well as (...) the economics of Hume, Verri and the Physiocrats, he concluded that European modernity was inherently contradictory.From this perspective Filangieri set out to force a clean break between the technical horizons of mercantilism and enlightened absolutism and a society based on civil rights, a fair distribution of wealth and resources, and free trade. Proper ‘scientific’ knowledge of the rules and principles of legislation would allow governments to balance out the natural and cultural factors that characterise individual states, and to identify the appropriate model for social and economic development. If all states acted on their proper interest, international free trade and peaceful competition between states would emerge and the potential for general economic growth be materialised. Thus, the natural equilibrium and ‘universal consensus’ among nations could be restored. (shrink)

A growing body of research has suggested that high levels of family functioning—often measured as positive parent–child communication and low levels of parental stress—are associated with stronger cognitive development, higher levels of school engagement, and more successful peer relations as youth age. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought tremendous disruption to various aspects of daily life, especially for parents of young children, ages 3–5, who face isolation, disconnection, and unprecedented changes to how they engage and socialize. Fortunately, both youth and parent (...) brains are plastic and receptive to change. Resilience research shows that factors such as engaging in acts of kindness, developing trusting relationships, and responding compassionately to the feelings of others can help lay new neural pathways and improve quality of life. Yet, little research has investigated the effects of brain healthy parental practices of kindness with pre-school aged children. The current study examines whether an interactive, parent–child kindness curriculum can serve as a potentiator for brain health as measured by resilience and child empathy levels. During a peak of the pandemic, mother participants between the ages of 26–46 completed questionnaires on parental resilience levels and parent-reported child empathic pro-social behaviors before and after engaging in a 4 weeks online, self-paced, kindness curriculum. Half of the group received additional brain health education explaining the principles of neuroplasticity, empathy, perspective taking, and resiliency. Mothers in both groups showed increased resilience and reported higher levels of empathic behavior in their child after completing the curriculum. There was no significant difference between groups. Comparison of mean resilience levels during COVID-19 to pre-pandemic general means indicated that mothers are reporting significantly lower levels of resilience as well as decreased empathetic behaviors in their children. These results support the notion that kindness is a powerful brain health booster that can increase resilience and empathy. This research study was timely and relevant for parents in light of the myriad of stresses brought about by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. There are broader public health implications for equipping individuals with tools to take a proactive and preventative approach to their brain health. (shrink)

In accepting the constituent character of the languageand, with this, the mediation that it supposes for our relationship with theworld, is outlined a problem: How to reconcile the decisive and contingentcharacter of this sense constitution transmitted with and by the language, bythe differents natu..

A fines de los 50 y a lo largo de los años 60 Feyerabend formula su doctrina de la proliferación teórica. Con ella busca inicialmente destacar la presencia positiva de la metafísica en el proceso de explicación teórica. Concretamente, pretende dar cuenta de la impotencia de toda teoría científica de explicar realísticamente el mundo si no estuviera informada por supuestos que sus interlocutores juzgan como a-científicos o pre-científicos. Ahora bien, para poder precisar el papel que juega la metafísica en el (...) proceso de explicación teórica es preciso dilucidar qué entiende Feyerabend por realismo. Entre los especialistas existe una discusión acerca de si este defiende un realismo científico o un antirrealismo. Con el propósito de poder comprender en qué sentido Feyerabend sostiene que la metafísica provee vías de acceso para explicar el mundo, procuraremos demostrar la naturaleza normativa de su realismo. At the end of the 50s and throughout the 60s, Feyerabend formulated his doctrine of theoretical proliferation. With this doctrine, he sought to emphasize the positive presence of metaphysics in the process of theoretical explanation. In particular, he claims to account for the impotence of any scientific theory for realistically explaining the world if it was not informed by some assumptions that his partners judge as non-scientific or pre-scientific. However, in order to specify the role of metaphysics in the process of theoretical explanation it is necessary to clarify what Feyerabend understands for realism. Among specialists there is a discussion about whether he defended a scientific realism or an anti-realism. In order to be able to understand in what sense Feyerabend holds that metaphysics provides access ways to explain the world, we will try to demonstrate the normative nature of his realism. (shrink)